标题： 雅思听力填空与选择题中的同义替换策略详解
内容：
说到雅思听力，许多学生觉得需要背大量的同义词，但在实际做题时，往往会出现听不到关键词、选择题感觉模棱两可的情况。掌握大量同义词汇固然重要，但更重要的是了解同义替换是如何在题目中呈现的，这样做题时才能更加清晰、有方向。
雅思听力主要分为两大类：填空和选择。
1. 填空：题干信息与原文同义替换
在填空题中，题干信息与原文呈现同义替换。学生只需找到定位词与原文信息吻合之处，然后听出关键词并写下来即可，无需改变关键词的词性。
以剑11 Test1 Section4的一些题目为例，来解析填空题中的同义替换：
题目31：
Biodiversity hotspots
areas containing many different species
Important for locating targets for 31___
原文：
These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
这里，“important”与“significant”是同义替换，而“targets”与“key areas”也是同义替换。
答案：conservation
题目33-34：
Had higher temperature at the 33___
Had sufficient 34__ in the water
原文：
"but what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures, even when it was cool at greater depths.
这里，“high temperatures”是定位词，“surface”即对应题目中的“higher temperature”。
答案：33. Surface
"However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it.
这里，“Sufficient”与“enough”是同义替换。
答案：34. Oxygen
填空题中，题干信息与原文同义替换，答案通常是名词，且多位于定位词前后。
2. 选择：选项和原文同义替换
在选择题中，原文与选项呈现同义替换。学生需要分析各个选项的区别，再结合原文信息找到正确的选项。
例如：
Why did a port originally develop at Manham?
A. It was safe from enemy attack B. It was convenient for river transport C. It had a good position on the sea coast
原文：
The port of Manham is located in beautiful and peaceful countryside, on a bend in the great River Avon, and developed here because it is the highest navigable point of the Avon—boats can go no higher up this river—and proved a handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea.
- 原文没有提到“enemy”，所以A选项可以排除。
- “handy”与“convenient”是同义替换。
答案：B
What did the Manham Trust hope to do?
A. discover the location of the original port B. provide jobs for the unemployed C. Rebuild the port complex
原文：
But then the Manham Trust was formed to conserve the historical resources of the area. It organizes scores of local volunteers to remove undergrowth to find the original outlines of the installations. It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex and to set about reconstructing it.
- “installation”并不等同于“location”，所以A选项错误。
- “reconstruct”与“rebuild”是同义替换。
答案：C
选择题中，需要排除干扰项并结合同义替换，虽然难度稍大，但各个选项的区别通常都很明显。学生可以先划出选项关键词，在听力过程中一边听一边快速排除错误选项。
希望本文能为大家在雅思听力中解决同义替换题提供有效策略。更多信息，请访问“沃邦教育”官方网站（www.onebest.cn）。
